Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Structure of proteins

Introduction

It is difficult to describe in a simple sentence the role of proteins. Lets say:

when there is something to do, it is a protein that does it.

Therefore proteins are

Some examples of proteins

The role (or function) of a protein depends on its shape, and chemical formula. Therefore, the structure of proteins will be explained first.


Structure of proteins

Proteins are synthesised primarily during a process called translation. The building blocks of the proteins are amino acids . Proteins are made of a long chain of amino acids, sometimes modified by the addition of heme, sugars, or phosphates.

Primary Structure

This is the sequence of amino acids, which form a chain connected by peptide bonds. The amino acid sequence of a protein determines the higher levels of structure of the molecule. A single change in the primary structure (the amino acid sequence) can have a profound biological change in the overall structure and function More information is given in the MBN CD-ROM

Note: If there are some cysteines in the amino-acid sequence, they often react two by two to form disulphide bridges. Disulphide bridges are part of the primary structure.

The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence and the disulphide bridges, i.e. all covalent connections in a protein.

primary structure of a protein

Secondary Structure

secondary structure

The secondary structure is the way a small part, saptially near in the linear sequence of a protein folds up into:

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